Sebagian orang berpikir mengingat 16 tenses dalam bahasa inggris itu sangat sulit, tetapi mungkin itu sebenarnya tidak sesulit yang kita bayangkan. Salah satu cara mudah mengingatkan adalah dengan melihat polanya Coba lihatlah tabel berikut:
|
Simple
|
Continuous
|
Perfect
|
Perfect Continuous
|
Present
|
Simple Present
|
Present Continuous
|
Present Perfect
|
Present Perfect Continuous
|
Past
|
Simple Past
|
Past Continuous
|
Past Perfect
|
Past Perfect Continuous
|
Future
|
Simple Future
|
Future Continuous
|
Future Perfect
|
Future Perfect Continuous
|
Past Future
|
Simple Past Future
|
Past Future Continuous
|
Past Future Perfect
|
Past Future Perfect Continuous
|
Kita tidak perlu mengingat semua nama tenses nya, tetapi kita cukup mengingat :
Menurun = Present, Past, Future, Past future
Mendatar = Simple, Continuous, Perfect, Perfect Continuous
Setelah itu kita bisa sebutkan satu per satu misalnya Simple Present, Present Continuous, Present Perfect, Present Perfect Continuous, dan seterusnya. Tidak terlalu sulit kan? Saya sudah mencoba dengan siswa-siswa saya, mereka bisa hafal dalam waktu singkat.
CARA MUDAH MENGINGAT RUMUS KE 16 TENSES
Selain kita harus mengetahui nama-nama tenses, kita juga harus tahu, kalau bisa ingat semua rumus tenses dalam bahasa Inggris, tetapi saya sarankan agar jangan menghafal satu per satu, karena mungkin agak sulit dan perlu waktu yang lebih lama. Tetapi ada cara mengingat semua rumus tenses lebih mudah, yaitu dengan mengingat pola nya. Untuk lebih jelasnya, coba perhatikan tabel berikut:
|
Simple
|
Continuous
(is/am/are/
was/were/
be + Ving)
|
Perfect
(have/has/
had + V3)
|
Perfect Continuous
(have/has/had + been + Ving)
|
Present
(V1)
|
Simple Present
(S + V1 (s/es))
|
Present Continuous
(S + is/am/are + Ving)
|
Present Perfect
(S + have/has + V3)
|
Present Perfect Continuous
(S + have/has + been + Ving)
|
Past
(V2)
|
Simple Past
(S + V2)
|
Past Continuous
(S + was/were + Ving)
|
Past Perfect
(S + had + V3)
|
Past Perfect Continuous
(S + had + been + Ving)
|
Future
(will/ shall + V0
|
Simple Future
S + will / shall + V0
|
Future Continuous
(S + will/shall + be + Ving)
|
Future Perfect
(S + will / shall + have + V3)
|
Future Perfect Continuous
(S + will + have + been + Ving)
|
Past Future
(would/ should + V0
|
Simple Past Future
(S + would / should + V0)
|
Past Future Continuous
(S + would / should + be + Ving)
|
Past Future Perfect
(S + would / should + have + V3)
|
Past Future Perfect Continuous
(S + would + have + been + Ving)
|
Tenses
|
Ciri atau kata yang selalu di gunakan
|
Keterangan
|
Present
|
V1
|
|
Past
|
V2
|
|
Future
|
Will/shall + V0
|
|
Past Future
|
Would/should + V0
|
|
Simple
|
(Tanpa penambahan/perubahan)
|
|
Continuous
|
To be + Ving
|
To be pengganti V1 = “is/am/are”
To be pengganti V2 = “was/were”
To be pengganti V3 = “been”
To be pengganti V0 = “be”
|
Perfect
|
Have/has/had + V3
|
Auxiliary “have” untuk V1 = “have/has”
Auxiliary “have” untuk V2 & V3 = “d”
|
Perfect Continuous
|
Have/has/had + been + Ving
|
|
Di sini, saya membedakan antara V1 dengan V0.
V1 adalah kata kerja pertama yang bisa bertambah s/es apabila subjeknya he/she/it, tetapi V0 adalah kata kerja pertama yang tidak bisa berubah apapun subject nya.
Contoh:
· She writes a novel
(Dia menulis sebuah novel)
· She will write a novel
(Dia akan menulis sebuah novel)
Perhatikan perbedaan kedua contoh di atas. Contoh pertama menggunakan V1, sedangkan contoh kedua menggunakan V0. Pada contoh pertama kata kerja “write” berubah menjadi “writes” karena subjeknya adalah “he”, sedangkan pada contoh kedua kata kerjanya tetap “write” sekalipun subjeknya “She”.
Untuk kalimat negative secara umum cukup tambahkan kata “not” saja
Sedangkan untuk kalimat tanya, subjek dan Auxiliary nya di tukarkan.
Berikut adalah rumus lengkapnya
|
|
Simple
|
Continuous
(is/am/are/
was/were/
be + Ving)
|
Perfect
(have/has/
had + V3)
|
Perfect Continuous
(have/has/had + been + Ving)
|
Present
(V1)
|
|
Simple Present
|
Present Continuous
|
Present Perfect
|
Present Perfect Continuous
|
(+)
|
S + V1 (s/es)
|
S + am/is/are + Ving
|
S + have/has + V3
|
S + have/has + been + Ving
|
(-)
|
S + do/does + not + V0
|
S + am/is/are + not + Ving
|
S + have/has + not + V3
|
S + have/has + not + been + Ving
|
(?)
|
Do/does + S + V0
|
Am/is/are + S + Ving
|
Have/has + S + V3
|
Have/has + S + been + Ving
|
Past
(V2)
|
|
Simple Past
|
Past Continuous
|
Past Perfect
|
Past Perfect Continuous
|
(+)
|
S + V2
|
S + was/were + Ving
|
S + had + V3
|
S + had + been + Ving
|
(-)
|
S + did + not + V0
|
S + was/were + not + Ving
|
S + had + not + V3
|
S + had + not been + Ving
|
(?)
|
Did + S + V0
|
Was/were + S + Ving
|
Had + S + V3
|
Had + S+ been + Ving
|
Future
(will/ shall + V0
|
|
Simple Future
|
Future Continuous
|
Future Perfect
|
Future Perfect Continuous
|
(+)
|
S + will / shall + V0
|
S + will/shall + be + Ving
|
S + will / shall + have + V3
|
S + will + have + been + Ving
|
(-)
|
S + will / shall + not + V0
|
S + will/shall + not + be + Ving
|
S + will / shall + not + have + V3
|
S + will + not + have + been + Ving
|
(?)
|
Will / shall + S + V0
|
Will/shall + S + be + Ving
|
Will / shall + S + have + V3
|
Will + S + have + been + Ving
|
Past Future
(would/ should + V0
|
|
Simple Past Future
|
Past Future Continuous
|
Past Future Perfect
|
Past Future Perfect Continuous
|
(+)
|
S + would / should + V0
|
S + would / should + be + Ving
|
S + would / should + have + V3
|
S + would/should + have + been + Ving
|
(-)
|
S + would / should + not + V0
|
S + would / should + not + be + Ving
|
S + would / should + not + have + V3
|
S + would/should + not + have + been + Ving
|
(?)
|
Would / should + S + V0
|
Would / should + S + be + Ving
|
Would / should + S + have + V3
|
Would/should + S + have + been + Ving
|
Yang di maksud dengan V0 di sini adalah kata kerja dasar (base form), yang verb nya tidak akan berubah sekalipun subjek nya “he/she/it”
Untuk present tense, kalimat negative dan kalimat tanya di tambah kata “do”
Untuk past tense, kalimat negative dan kalimat tanya di tambah kata “did”
Kenapa untuk kalimat negative dan kalimat tanya present tense dan past tense di tambah kata “do” dan “did”?
Itu karena dalam kalimat negative dan kalimat tanya harus ada auxiliary
Kata kerja aksi (action verb) tidak bisa langsung di tambah kata “not”, tidak boleh misalnya mengatakan “go not” “work not”, dll
Dan kalau kata kerja di depan itu bukanlah kalimat tanya tetapi kalimat perintah. Contoh : Do your homework (kerjakan PR kamu), Close the door (tutup pintu nya), dll
CARA MUDAH MENGINGAT RUMUS NOMINAL KE 16 TENSIS
Dalam bahasa Inggris setiap kalimat harus ada subjek dan verb. Jika dalam suatu kalimat tidak ada kata kerja (verb), maka kata kerjanya harus di ganti dengan “to be”, adapun “to be” yang di gunakan menyesuaikan dengan rumus tenses.
Cara mengubah verb menjadi “to be” bisa mengikuti ketentuan berikut :
Verb
|
|
To be
|
Tenses yang di gunakan
|
“To be” yang di gunakan berdasarkan Subjek
|
V1
|
è
|
Am/is/are
|
Present
|
I è am || He/she/it è is || you/we/they è are
|
V2
|
è
|
Was/were
|
Past
|
I/he/she/it è was || you/we/they è were
|
V3
|
è
|
Been
|
Perfect
|
Semua Subjek
|
Ving
|
è
|
Being
|
Continuous
|
Semua Subjek
|
V0
|
è
|
Be
|
Future dan Past Future
|
Semua Subjek
|
|
|
Simple
|
Continuous
(is/am/are/
was/were/
be + being)
|
Perfect
(have/has/
had + been)
|
Perfect Continuous
(have/has/had + been + being)
|
Present
(am/is/are /
Have/has)
|
|
Simple Present
|
Present Continuous
|
Present Perfect
|
Present Perfect Continuous
|
(+)
|
S + am/is/are
|
S + am/is/are + being
|
S + have/has + been
|
S + have/has + been + being
|
(-)
|
S + am/is/are + not
|
S + am/is/are + not + being
|
S + have/has + not + been
|
S + have/has + not + been + Ving
|
(?)
|
Am/is/are + S
|
Am/is/are + S + being
|
Have/has + S + been
|
Have/has + S + been + being
|
Past
(was/were /
had)
|
|
Simple Past
|
Past Continuous
|
Past Perfect
|
Past Perfect Continuous
|
(+)
|
S + was/were
|
S + was/were + being
|
S + had + been
|
S + had + been + being
|
(-)
|
S + was/were + not
|
S + was/were + not + being
|
S + had + not + been
|
S + had + not been + being
|
(?)
|
Was/were + S
|
Was/were + S + being
|
Had + S + been
|
Had + S+ been + being
|
Future
(will/ shall + be
|
|
Simple Future
|
Future Continuous
|
Future Perfect
|
Future Perfect Continuous
|
(+)
|
S + will / shall + be
|
S + will/shall + be + being
|
S + will / shall + have + been
|
S + will + have + been + being
|
(-)
|
S + will / shall + not + be
|
S + will/shall + not + be + being
|
S + will / shall + not + have + been
|
S + will + not + have + been + being
|
(?)
|
Will / shall + S + be
|
Will/shall + S + be + being
|
Will / shall + S + have + been
|
Will + S + have + been + being
|
Past Future
(would/ should + be
|
|
Simple Past Future
|
Past Future Continuous
|
Past Future Perfect
|
Past Future Perfect Continuous
|
(+)
|
S + would / should + be
|
S + would / should + be + being
|
S + would / should + have + been
|
S + would/should + have + been + being
|
(-)
|
S + would / should + not + be
|
S + would / should + not + be + being
|
S + would / should + not + have + been
|
S + would/should + not + have + been + being
|
(?)
|
Would / should + S + be
|
Would / should + S + be + being
|
Would / should + S + have + been
|
Would/should + S + have + been + being
|
Catatan : Untuk semua continuous tense ( present continuous, present perfect continuous, past continuous, past perfect continuous, future continuous, future perfect continuous, past future continuous, dan past future perfect continuous )
Biasa tidak ada nominal sentence nya.
Contoh :
· I’m being happy {Salah}
(Saya sedang bahagia {salah})
· I’m happy {benar}
(Saya bahagia {benar})
· I’m being sad {salah}
(Saya sedang sedih {salah})
· I’m sad {benar}
(Saya sedih {benar})
Tetapi ada beberapa pengecualian, beberapa kalimat bisa menggunakan continuous tense dengan nominal sentence.
Contoh:
They are being careful today
(Mereka sedang berhati-hati sekarang)
CARA MUDAH MENGINGAT FUNGSI / KEGUNAAN KE 16 TENSES
Selain mengetahui nama-nama tenses dan rumus, kita juga harus tahu kapan kita harus menggunakan tenses tersebut.
Untuk lebih mudah mengingatnya kita bisa menterjemahkan nama-nama tenses per kata. Misalnya
NAMA TENSES
|
|
ARTI / KEGUNAAN
|
Present
|
è
|
Sekarang
|
Past
|
è
|
Masa lalu
|
Future
|
è
|
Masa depan
|
Simple
|
è
|
Sederhana
|
Continuous
|
è
|
Sedang berlangsung
|
Perfect
|
è
|
Telah selesai
|
Cukup ingatkan ke enam kata di atas beserta artinya.
Setelah itu tinggal gabungkan saja.
Misalnya:
Present Perfect Tense
Present = Sekarang || Perfect = telah selesai
Jadi, Present perfect tense adalah sebuah tenses yang di gunakan untuk menyatakan perbuatan, peristiwa atau kejadian yang telah selesai di masa sekarang.
Past Continuous Tense
Present = Masa lalu || Continuous = Sedang berlangsung
Jadi, Past Continuous adalah sebuah tenses yang di gunakan untuk menyatakan perbuatan, peristiwa atau kejadian yang sedang berlangsung di masa lalu
Anda bisa coba untuk membuatnya sendiri
Untuk lebih lengkapnya, coba perhatikan tabel berikut:
|
SIMPLE
|
CONTINUOUS
|
PERFECT
|
PERFECT CONTINUOUS
|
|
Sederhana
|
Sedang terjadi
|
Telah terjadi
|
Telah terjadi dan masih berlangsung
|
PRESENT
|
Simple Present
|
Present Continuous
|
Present Perfect
|
Present Perfect Continuous
|
Sekarang
|
Masa Sekarang (Kebiasaan)
|
Sedang terjadi di masa sekarang
|
Telah terjadi sebelum masa sekarang
|
Telah terjadi sebelum masa sekarang dan masih berlangsung sampai sekarang
|
PAST
|
Simple Past
|
Past Continuous
|
Past Perfect
|
Past Perfect Continuous
|
Masa lalu
|
Masa lampau
|
Sedang terjadi di masa lalu
|
Telah terjadi sebelum suatu waktu di masa lalu
|
Telah terjadi sebelum masa lalu dan terus berlangsung sampai masa tertentu di masa lalu
|
FUTURE
|
Simple Future
|
Future Continuous
|
Future Perfect
|
Future Perfect Continuous
|
Masa depan
|
Masa depan
|
Sedang terjadi di masa depan
|
Telah terjadi sebelum suatu waktu di masa depan
|
Telah terjadi sebelum suatu waktu di masa depan dan terus berlangsung sampai masa tertentu di masa depan
|
PAST Future
|
Simple Past Future
|
Past Future Continuous
|
Past Future Perfect
|
Past Future Perfect Continuous
|
Masa depan dari masa lalu
|
Masa depan dari sudut pandang masa lalu
|
Sedang terjadi di masa depan dari sudut pandang masa lalu
|
Telah terjadi sebelum suatu waktu di masa depan dari sudut pandang masa lalu
|
Telah terjadi sebelum suatu waktu di masa depan dan terus berlangsung sampai masa tertentu di masa depan dari sudut pandang masa lalu
|
Demikian penjelasan dan ringkasan dari ke 16 tenses, saya berharap postingan ini bisa mempermudah anda memahami dan mengingat semua tenses. Kalau ada yang masih kurang paham silahkan tanya
